课文内容

词汇：Plastic surgery 整形手术

Everybody has looked in the mirror at some point in their lives and thought they could do witha smaller nose or fewer wrinkles. Almost 10 million operations were performed in 2014, according to the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Eyelid surgery topped the list of the five most popular procedures, which included breast augmentationand rhinoplasty.

每个人都在人生的某个时刻看着镜子，想要一个小一点的鼻子或少一点皱纹。根据国际美容整形外科学会的数据，2014年进行了近1000万例手术。在最受欢迎的五种手术中，眼睑手术高居榜首，其他手术还包括隆胸和隆鼻。

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We hear a lot about cosmetic surgerythese days. But what many people may not realise is that reconstructing someone's face has an ancient past. There are reports of treatments to restore a broken nose in ancient Egyptian documents.

最近我们听到很多关于整容手术的事。但许多人可能没有意识到的是，重建一个人的脸有一个古老的过去。有报道称，古埃及文献中有修复骨折鼻子的方法。

Considering that safe anaestheticsand antibioticswere only discovered in the 19th and 20th centuries, it was a truly painful and risky business to go under theknifein the past. But as far back as the mid-15th century nose jobswere carried out using skin taken from the upper arm.

考虑到安全的麻醉剂和抗生素在19世纪和20世纪才被发现，过去做手术是一件非常痛苦和危险的事情。但早在15世纪中期，隆鼻手术是用上臂的皮肤进行的。

Plastic surgery went through a revolution during World War One. The trenchesprotected the soldiers' bodies, but many who stuck their heads up were exposed to explosions. New techniques were developed by Harold Gillies who ran a wardat the Cambridge Military Hospital in Britain, and later a whole hospital dedicated to helping disfiguredsoldiers. Many wounded men at that time couldn't stand looking at their own faces. There were no mirrors in the hospital. In parks near the hospital, some benches were painted blue to signal to patients with facial injuries that they could sit there. And it was a way of telling local residents to prepare for the shock of seeing someone with a disfigured face.

第一次世界大战期间，整形外科经历了一场革命。战壕保护了士兵们的身体，但许多昂首挺胸的人都暴露在爆炸的危险之中。新技术是由哈罗德·吉利斯开发的，他曾在英国剑桥军事医院管理一个病房，后来又成立了一家专门帮助毁容士兵的医院。当时许多受伤的人都无法忍受看着自己的脸。医院里没有镜子。在医院附近的公园里，一些长椅被涂成蓝色，以示意面部受伤的病人可以坐在那里。这是一种告诉当地居民的方式，当看到一个毁容的人时，要做好震惊的准备。

Plastic surgery has come a long way since then. It reconstructs what does need reconstructing but it also makes people with no particular problems feel more confident. Bigger breasts? Straight nose? Facelift? In many cases, cosmetic surgery isn't a necessity at all, just a choice. But when done properly by capable doctors on patients who have a realistic goal, it's believed that plastic surgery can heal psychological wounds almost as much as physical ones.

从那时起，整形手术取得了长足的进步。它重建了需要重建的东西，但它也让没有特殊问题的人感到更自信。更大的乳房吗?直的鼻子吗?整容吗?在许多情况下，整容手术根本不是必须的，只是一种选择。但是，如果有能力的医生对有现实目标的病人进行适当的手术，人们相信整形手术治愈心理创伤的效果几乎和治愈身体创伤的效果一样。

词汇表

can do with 需要wrinkle 皱纹procedure 手术breast augmentation 隆胸rhinoplasty 鼻子整形cosmetic surgery 整容手术anaesthetic 麻醉剂antibiotic 抗生素to go under the knife 开刀，做手术nose job 鼻子整形手术trench 战壕ward 病房disfigured 毁坏了外形或容貌的facelift 去皱整容手术，面部拉皮手术realistic 现实的；合情合理的

测验与练习

1. 阅读课文并回答问题。

1. On which part of the body do people have cosmetic surgery the most?2. Is a procedure to repair the bones in a broken leg an example of cosmetic surgery?3. Which developments have made plastic surgery safer and less painful in our time?4. How were members of the public living close to a plastic surgery hospital in Britain in the early 20th century prepared for the shock of seeing patients with face injuries?5. Which noun in the article means 'person who lives in a particular area'?

2. 请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。从每个表格中选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。

1. Mary's forehead and cheeks were making her look old. She thought it was time to have __________.

a nose job         a breast augmentation         a facelift         a rhinoplasty

2. I have bad flu and the doctor told me to take __________.

antibiotics         an anaesthetic         a nose job         a procedure

3. Peter needed some plastic surgery after the car accident. He had some bad ___________ injuries.

disfigured         facial         rhinoplasty         facelift

4. The new hospital is very big. It has five __________.

trenches         benches         procedures         wards

5. Janet is not afraid of going under the knife. Her surgeon is very __________.

safe         unrealistic         capable         realistic

答案

1. 阅读课文并回答问题。

1. On which part of the body do people have cosmetic surgery the most?Eyelid surgery topped the list of the five most popular procedures in 2014.

2. Is a procedure to repair the bones in a broken leg an example of cosmetic surgery?False. 'Cosmetic' is related to appearance and the repair of a broken leg has to do with walking and not looking good.

3. Which developments have made plastic surgery safer and less painful in our time?The discovery of antibiotics and anaesthetics.

4. How were members of the public living close to a plastic surgery hospital in Britain in the early 20th century prepared for the shock of seeing patients with face injuries?They knew that benches painted blue in the neighbourhood park were for patients with horrific facial injuries.

5. Which noun in the article means 'a person who lives in a particular area'?A resident.

2. 请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。从每个表格中选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。

1. Mary's forehead and cheeks were making her look old. She thought it was time to have a facelift.

2. I have bad flu and the doctor told me to take antibiotics.

3. Peter needed some plastic surgery after the car accident. He had some bad facialinjuries.

4. The new hospital is very big. It has five wards.

5. Janet is not afraid of going under the knife. Her surgeon is very capable.

文章来源BBC，侵权删，本文仅用于英语学习。

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